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Peer to peer Network with different sharing's

 

 Building and testing a Peer-to-Peer network

Tasks:

 

1.    Introduction (IP Assigning)

2.    Data Sharing

3.    Internet Sharing

4.    Resource Sharing

 

 

 

Introduction (IP Assigning):


Peer to peer connection is the directly connection between two or more pc’s. Here there is no server because every pc is itself acting like a server. Now I will create an example of peer to peer network and tell you how to assign IP to them.


Peer to peer connection


So this is peer to peer network and now to assign IP to them we will click on any computer to assign it an IP after clicking on it click the Desktop button from Manu after this click on IP configuration and now you can assign any IP in IPv4  section and after assigning the IP hit the Enter.  In the same way you can assign IP to every computer.

 

Data Sharing:

You need to do some steps to share the data

1)      Connect two or more pc’s with the Ethernet cable

2)      Assign the IP addresses to them

3)      Disable the Window firewall

4)      Enable network sharing

5)      Verify the connectivity by ping command

6)      Now you can share the data

 

Internet Sharing:

To share the internet you should follow these steps

1)      Connect the client with host using Ethernet cable

2)      Go to the view network connections

3)      Now enable the internet sharing and  turn the sharing option to Ethernet

4)      Now close this window and come back to view network connection window

5)      Here you should assign the IP address in Ethernet option

6)      Now go to client computer and go to the same view inter sharing

7)      Here find the Ethernet option and assign here the same IP address as given to the host.

8)      Now you can surf internet.

 

Resource Sharing:

To share resources between peer to peer connection we need to follow the following steps

1)      Connect the pc’s with Ethernet cable

2)      Turn off the firewall

3)      Configure IP address

4)      Now make the Home group

5)      Now change the setting by go to the properties of your drive and change the sharing setting

6)      Now you can share the resources

Switch Based Network and Connection testing, Internet sharing, RDC

 

Q1: Building and testing a Switch based Network.

 

1.     Introduction (devices Connectivity, IP Assigning)

2.     Connection Testing

3.     Internet Sharing

4.     Remote Desktop Connections

5.     Use Hub, switch, Routers to connect network.

 

Introduction:

                          Switch is a network device and uses to connect different types of devices such as computers, servers, printers etc. So basically this little bit different than hub because it do not broadcast the data like a hub therefore this device is more secure and more intelligent device than hub but more expensive. Switch can store MAC and IP addresses and by using them it will send the message directly to the specific device.

 

IP Assigning:

                         To assign IP address to switch we should need to go the CLI setting inside the switch we can enter by clicking on the switch and after this you can see the CLI option above in Manu. After clicking on the CLI we need to enter the commands to assign the ip address to the switch. So, the commands are the following

1)      First of all enter the ”enable”

2)      After this to check your VLAN IP address enter the “show ip interface brief”

3)      If there will be no IP assign to VLAN then enter “configure terminal”

4)      Now enter “interface VLAN 1”

5)      Now enter any IP address with subnet like this” ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.0”

6)      After this enter ”no shutdown”

7)      Now you added the IP address successfully so therefore to check it firstly press ctrl +z

8)      After this enter again “show IP interface brief”



set ip address of switch on cisco


            Output will be like this as you can see you had successfully assigned the IP address to the switch.

 

Connection Testing:

                                          We can test the connection by send the ping to other network if the network ping back the message then networking is working properly otherwise there is a problem inside the network.

 

Internet Sharing:

                                To share the internet there are need of some network devices, switch to join the network, internet service provider and servers. Firstly the request from a network will go to switch and then by passing through switch it go to the internet service provider and after ISP request will go to the server and then server will respond back to the network. In this way surfing on internet works.

Remote Desktop Connections:

                                     Remote desktop connections allow us to use the other’s pc by using software made by Microsoft. The main purpose for remote desktop connection is to solve software related problems from home using an internet connection. Now some hackers also use this software to hack the other’s pc.

 

Use Hub, switch, Routers to connect network:

Using Switch:


switch connection


Using Hub:

connection using Hub

Using Router:


Connection using Router



IP Addressing with class and ranges and types

 

Q1: Introduction to IP Addressing (IPV4)


Q2: IP Classes and their Ranges with example


Q3: Public and Private IP address with example

 

Networking

 

 

IP Addressing:

                                IPv4 address is the 1st type of IP address which is an unique address generated by the router to identify the network. It is 32 bit long address with four 8 bit fields. Bad thing about this ipv4 is this that it can only generate about 4 billion unique addresses which would be less in future so, therefore to fulfill this requirement ipv6 were introduced which is 64 bit long address. Also IP address has two parts one is network and other is host.

 

IP Classes and their Ranges:

Class

1st Octave

Network Host

Subnet

Hosts per Network

A

1-----------126

N.H.H.H

255.0.0.0

2^24------2^32

B

128--------191

N.N.H.H

255.255.0.0

2^16------2^23

C

192--------233

N.H.H.H

255.255.255.0

2^0-------2^15

D

224--------239

   RESERVED   

        FOR

MULTICASTING

E

240--------254

EXPERIMENTAL

    USED FOR

RESEARCH

 

For example IP address for class A is 1.1.1.1 as the same way IP address for class C is 198.168.1.1. In this way this IP addresses uses but class D and E are only reserved for the Research and multicasting.

Public and private IP addresses:

                                                                IP address is the globally unique IP address provided by ISP to our network also there is a private IP address which is locally unique IP address furthermore we cannot access the internet by using private IP address also there are some ranges from class A, B and C which is only reserved for private IP addresses and the range is here

Class

Private IP address

A

10.0.0.0------------------10.255.255.255

B

172.16.0.0---------------172.31.255.255

C

192.168.0.0--------------192.168.255.255

Now the whole story is here that our pc contains private IP addresses and our internet service provider contains public IP addresses so if we want to access the goggle then request from our local network send to ISP and then ISP provides us a public IP address to access the Google so in this way we access the internet.

All Types of Cables with types

 

Q1: Basic cable construction and testing


1.    Straight

2.    cross-over

3.    Roll-over)


Cables




(These cables are connect through RJ-45)

Straight through cable:

                                                        

                                         Straight through cable is the type of cat 5 use to connect two different kind of networking devices such as computer with router or computer with hub etc. In this cable both the ends are the same colors. Color code for straight through cable is given below


End 1

End 2

Orange

Orange

Orange and white

Orange and white

Green and white

Green and white

Blue and white

Blue and white

Blue

Blue

Green

Green

Brown

Brown


Brown and white


Brown and white

 

 

Cross over Cable:

                                 Cross over cable is the type of cat 5 cable use to connect the same kind of devices such as one pc with other, one switch with other etc. Here in cross through cable both the ends contain different kind of colors. So the color codes are given below

End 1

End 2

Orange and white

Green and white

Orange

Green

Green and white

Orange and white

Blue

Blue

Blue and white

Blue and white

Green

Orange

Brown and white

Brown and white


Brown

Brown


 

Roll Over Cable:

                                  Roll over cable is the type of cable use to connect computer terminal with router console port. It is also called console cable also It has light blue color. Color codes for roll over cable are following

End 1

End 2

Orange and White

Brown

Orange

Brown and White

Green and White

Green

Blue

Blue and White

Blue and White

Blue

Green

Green and White

Brown and White

Orange

Brown

Orange and White

 

Low level language vs High level language

Low level language vs High level language

Low level language:


    Lets start with the introduction of the low level language and high level language. So, the low level language is the language which is more closer to the processor. How it is more closer to processor and the answer for this is, because there are some stages which any programming follows because we all know processor can only understand the 0 and 1 means on or off. Processor only understands 0 1 because it is made of transistors and the stats of transistors are on or off therefore it follows this machine language.
Therefore there are some stages to convert the language to machine language.  

We uses compiler to convert a high level language to a machine language or low level language to machine language. Now we will take the MIPS as low level language and C++ as high level language to talk that which is more good and we all knows the meaning of good in computers life which is low memory consuming and more fast. So, the straight forward answer between them is low level language is more fast and less memory consuming but there are other many issues which made it less useful which are the following:

Limitations:


Limitation inside low level language are too much such as we cannot make user define data type inside low level language not only this we also cannot use build in functions inside low level language. Therefore, this will be hard to make any software in low level language therefore, due to this reason we mostly uses high level language to build any software, any management system or any game.



Inside low level language we cannot use build in loop but we can make loop by using our logic by using branch statement/if-else statement. Now we should talk about the things which we can use inside the low level language and these are Registers as variable, arrays, if else conditions, functions, arrays, strings, characters etc. These are the things we can use in MIPS and now it depend on us/logic how we can make any other thing.


High level language:


But Now we should talk about the things which we can use in a high level language such as variable, arrays, loops, if else conditions, user defined data type such as classes and structures, file handling to store the data in a hard, build in functions, user defined functions, operator over loading, polymorphism, function overloading, function overriding, inheritance etc As this is clear that, this will be easy to make any software, game or any management system. Here we should use the logic to improve the execution time by using that functions or method which uses less time to execute. In high level language C++ is most fast language in execution but the other languages take more time to execute. 

Conclusion:


So, the conclusion for the whole story is this that if you can adjust your software in low level language the it will be good for you to build your software in any assembly language because this software will consume less memory and take less time to execute as compare to any high level language such as c++, c# or any other.